In this reflection, our ambition is not to make an exhaustive study of the myth of elsewhere in the Soninke. This subject, indeed, may be subject to a thorough scientific study. Our goal, in fact, is to give a very concise an idea, an insight into how the Soninke community in Mauritania, Senegal and Mali designs migration. This migration, as we shall see shortly, is always accompanied by a kind of idealization of the country of immigration that for every young man Soninke travel in the West, especially France or Spain, is synonymous with success Total. This discussion is not exhaustive, we "recommend" to readers who want to learn more about this reading: Diasporas workers Soninke (1848 - 1960) of Francis and The Soninke Manchuela Mohammad Timera in France. Before presenting a summary this myth of elsewhere in the Soninke, a brief history of migration of Africans to the continent needed to better understand the context in which this myth was born.
migration of Africans to the French metropolis was made at the beginning, two or three ways. First, it was colonized, forced to participate in the war effort during both world wars (1914-1918 and 1939-1945), who were the first to come to France to fight alongside the army French. Between 1914 and 1918 more than 200,000 "Senegalese riflemen, of which 30000 were killed, have participated in the war alongside the Allies. Many black African francophone novels testify to the mobilization of these "Senegalese sharpshooters" in a war that was completely foreign to them. This applies, for example, O my country beautiful people of Senegalese novelist Ousmane Sembene, Strength of Goodness rifleman Bakary Diallo, The Ambiguous Adventure by Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Dead for France Doumbi FACOLY
... Then came the workers textbooks after the Two World Wars, called by the city for its reconstruction, overwhelmingly immigrants in France. Gaston Kelman in his essay entitled I'm black and I do not like cassava wrote:
"France, like most European countries, is faced with the need to modernize the production equipment get older [she had found] No has not the means to engage in a costly upheaval and win it to resort to the importation of labor [his] African colonies. "
Thus Africans seeking better living conditions, decided to leave their families to work in deplorable conditions in Europe. In the end, in this European adventure Africans should also indicate the presence of students who were or recently completed their training in universities and French institutions. Initially, we saw what sociologists have called "the migration of unmarried or single men." Then, using the same sociologists, it was "family reunification" from the 1970s. In 2004, 4.5 million immigrants aged under 18 or over live in France, they represent 9.6% of the population of the same age as against 8.9% in 1999 [53]. "As the immigrant population has long been made a majority of men who came to France to work, women, arrived through family reunification, are now as likely as men (50.3%). "
The Soninke, like most of West Africa, were among the first to choose emigration to the West, particularly France and Spain, as a survival option. At the end of the Second World War, for economic reasons and the appeal of France to its colonies for its post-war reconstruction, young and old community Soninke of Senegal, Mali and Mauritania, which had the taste of adventure "in blood", have decided to seek his fortune elsewhere. This sense of adventure in our Soninke had continued growing until the early 1970s. In fact, these years were in the Sahel, drought and hard times of famine. To save their families from social deprivation, economic room were as young Soninke sentenced to abandon fields and crops to go "sell" their labor or to trade in large cities (Dakar, Nouakchott, Abidjan ...). The most determined of them managed to go a little further in Europe. This migration Soninke youth in the West was accompanied (accompanied yet) a kind of myth that all immigrants living in Europe Soninke is considered the village as a hero. This myth was (is) supplied and maintained by both the migrant and his entourage direct or indirect. The Soninke migrants, in fact, returning from his European adventure vacation for two or three months, through its various actions, his way of dressing and the stories he makes of his adventure, created an entire myth around person, and at the same time, he knowingly or not an image "heavenly" country of immigration (France or Spain). This image is more rooted in the imagination of all young people feel as overwhelmed with feelings of control that makes them dream of a Europe where they could easily make lots of money. Everyone in the community Soninke, participates in the myth. Finally, we are seeing in our community, as indeed in all other West African communities, a sort of "society's forthcoming" if not for ostentation which have value that young people who have emigrated to Europe . This myth is so ingrained in the mentality that every attempt to combat it turns out to be futile from the start. However, it is the responsibility of each (e) of us, Soninke or not to engage in a real campaign to combat the myth that it is true, the Soninke community more harm than good. Young people must understand that the image we convey that Europe is not entirely accurate. That Europe, like Africa, has its poor.
SOUMARE Zakaria Demba
You can make your comments, say what you think .... 
0 comments:
Post a Comment